How to write a UK cover letter

A cover letter explains why you are applying and how your evidence fits the job. It should not repeat every line of your CV. Use the employer's instructions first; for many applications, three to five short paragraphs are sufficient.

Start with the right job and employer

Use the exact vacancy title and reference number if there is one. Explain where you found it when relevant. Address the named recruiter when the advert gives their name. Do not guess a person's name or job title.

If there is no named contact, ‘Dear Hiring Manager’ is a clear option. ‘Dear Sir or Madam’ is also a traditional UK greeting. In traditional letters, a named greeting pairs with ‘Yours sincerely’, while ‘Dear Sir or Madam’ pairs with ‘Yours faithfully’. An application email can follow the employer's preferred style.

Choose two or three requirements

Pick the duties or essential criteria where you have the strongest evidence. Connect one actual task to one requirement. For example: ‘In my retail role I checked incoming deliveries and reported damaged stock. This would help me contribute to the accurate goods-in checks described in your warehouse advert.’

Be clear about a change of career. Transferable skills may support an application, but they do not mean you already have the new occupation's qualifications. If training is offered, describe your willingness to learn without claiming that you have completed it.

Research without making unsupported claims

Look at the employer's own website and the vacancy. Use a specific, relevant fact you have verified: for example, the type of service or workplace. Explain why that connects to the role. Generic praise such as ‘your world-leading company’ adds little and may be false.

Do not write that you share an employer's values unless you can explain the connection. Never invent a conversation with the recruiter, a referral, a qualification or an applicant outcome.

Close with a practical next step

Thank the reader for considering the application and say that you would welcome a discussion. State availability, notice period or travel arrangements only if relevant and accurate. Keep contact details consistent with your CV.

Check the employer name, job title and date before sending. If you reuse a previous letter, look specifically for the old company's name. Do not include passport scans, bank details or your National Insurance number in a speculative cover letter.